Monday, September 03, 2007

Technologie: Comment développer la microfinance en Inde malgré le manque de documents d'identification ?

L'article suivant explique comment FIINO (une entreprise spécialisée dans les technologies appliquées aux problèmes des institutions de microfinance) met en place des cartes à microprocesseur avec authentification biométrique pour simplifier l’accès aux services financiers pour les populations rurales en Inde. En effet, les institutions de microfinance se voyaient contraintes de refuser des prêts en l'absence de document d'identification personnel.

La validation des transactions s’effectue après authentification biométrique, procédé qui garantit les plus hauts niveaux de sécurité numérique. Le paiement est validé lorsque les empreintes digitales de l’utilisateur ont été vérifiées par le microprocesseur de la carte lors d’une transaction effectuée dans des relais commerciaux, des magasins de distribution sélectionnés ou des partenaires.

« Le traitement de documents papier et les investissements humains habituellement requis pour gérer les micro-transactions et évaluer la solvabilité des clients potentiels constituent l’un des principaux défis du secteur de la microfinance. Avec des coûts élevés et un faible retour sur investissement, la microfinance n’était pas rentable au-delà d’un certain volume, ce qui ralentissait la croissance de ce secteur », déclare Manish Khera, directeur général de FINO.


"For the past one year, a fortunate few among India’s poor from Cuddalore town in southern India to the Dharavi slums of Mumbai have been giving an imprint of their fingers in return for their first access to banking services. One by one, they are getting machine-readable ID cards that will lift them from economic oblivion and serve as a model for the rest of India’s unserved masses to shake off moneylenders and embrace modern banking.

One big reason for organised finance not to have reached the depth needed in India is the lack of proper and efficient identification systems, especially for the poor. Many potential borrowers lack primary documents such as land titles, ration cards, electricity bills or voter ID cards. Bankers hardly lend money to people they can’t document. “Without any identification, we are unable to begin to offer any services,” Nachiket Mor, deputy managing director of ICICI Bank, says pointing to the risk of identity.

This gap had been hard to bridge for several decades, despite sporadic efforts, but the experiment mentioned above has shown that technology can be used smartly to provide a simple system of identification for the poor, illiterate and semi-literate. Its scope has been confined to microfinancial services, but some think the system has the potential to be scaled up to cover all the citizens. It’s the smart card project of Financial Information Network & Operations Ltd. (FINO), a joint venture of public and private financial institutions. FINO is a technology provider for the microfinance industry, which typically deals with people left out of traditional banking. The number of transactions is large in microfinance, but the value of each is low. Institutions in this business had developed viable financing models but till recently lacked an uncomplicated identification system best suited for a torrent of low-ticket transactions. "

La suite de l'article ici:
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/The_Big_Story/Put_it_in_your_pocket/articleshow/2328395.cms

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